Ho To Do Dreadlock Extensions

MAA Online Articles, reviews, and other links various

These last month absence of written production in these parts, I have been taking note of a series of articles, comments on blogs, and other links of various kinds, which have earned my interest in one or other reason, always depending on the subject on which relates or purports to relate this site. This is not an exhaustive list (of everything I've read and I was interested), or ordered with excessive discretion and rigor ... articles, introductions, annotations of "blogs" A taste of Poplog (1) and (2) (on Poplog development environment, in Special Effects). Pythologic - Prolog syntax in Python

(in

Lambda the Ultimate). Description Logics in Literate Haskell / SAT 3 with E Prover Proof via OWL (in Lambda the Ultimate). NewLisp: A Better Lisp / Scheme Fusion (newLISP

is a general purpose scripting language for Developing Web Applications and Programs in general and in the domain of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
and statistics."; en

Lambda
the Ultimate

).

The
Science of Word Recognition

(Kevin Larson - Advanced Reading Technology,
Microsoft Corporation).

Intelligent
library systems: artificial intelligence technology and library automation
systems (Bailey, Jr., Charles W., 1991).


What
is Artificial Intelligence?

(por Jack Copeland en

Catalogue
of Reference Articles -

AlanTuring.net

).

The
Calculus of Logic

(Por George Boole, 1815-1864, lógico and British mathematician, creator of the first formal system of mathematical logic or symbolic
• called Boolean algebra or algebra of logic , whose scope is the study of logic functions). Does Fit testing fit your Needs?
("I Need to Perform Some acceptance testing on a Prolog parser, Prolog and found some sample text from the engine
• BinProlog That I Could use for the task at hand. To automate the process, I Decided to use Fit because
  [...]"; en Through
  the blogging-glass
).
• 
  
  
  Natural
  Language Processing Using Linux ("This article will discuss how to
  perform simple textual analysis such as word counts, bigrams and trigrams,
  using standard Linux tools. [...]"; en Generation5 ).
  
  


• Self-Organizing
  Nets ("After a detailed look at supervised networks [...] we should
  look at a good example of unsupervised networks. The Kohonen network is
  probably the best example, because it is quite simple yet introduces the
  concepts of self-organization and unsupervised training easily. [...]";
  en Generation5 ).
  
  
  Cómo NO realizar
  una práctica de programación
(vía
• Ceklog ).
  
  


• Functional
  Programming in the Real World ("[...] a list of functional programs
  applied to real-world tasks.").
  
  


• Metadata?
  Thesauri? Taxonomies? Topic Maps! (conocido a través del "blog"
  K-Utopía ).
  
  
  A
  
CLP
• + CHR bibliography ("For future reference, here is a list of CLP CHR and related works I? see Been reading in the last weeks. In memoriam of a project I? M Not Going to Pursue anymore. "In Through the blogging-glass
). On Constraint Logic Programming (CLP), see for example the introduction
• Constraint Logic Programming ( BYTE magazine, February 1995 ) or this other
, which first made an overview of constraint programming
• . The latest developing SWI-Prolog
, supports clp (R): "Beta version of Constraint Logic Programming over Reals library". Por su parte, CHR son las siglas de
• Constraint
  Handling Rules : "CHR was designed as a language for defining constraint
  solvers, but at the same time it is one of the most powerful multiset rewriting
  languages. [...] CHR are a high-level language for concurrent logical systems.
  CHR make it easy to define constraint reasoning: simplification and propagation
  as well as incremental solving of constraints. [...]" [ fuente
].
• 
  
  
  RDF and
  Databases
(en
• Lambda
  the Ultimate ).
  
  


• Orientación
  a Prolog objects (PDF format , "The possibility of incorporating elements of object oriented paradigm in programming logic seems, a priori, interesting, since it would add the best of both worlds. logic programming languages \u200b\u200bhave always had the advantage of allowing the programmer to focus attention on the problem to be solved in the design of the solution, rather than mechanical the same. The incorporation of objective guidance to help the code reuse, informacióny concealment would also allow a cleaner design solutions. In this paper we study an approach to object orientation in Prolog, that made by the module Objects Prolog SICStus Prolog
• of . Shows the main ideas of the module, its syntax and operation to finally present some examples of design using the paradigm. "Moncecchi D. and G. Perovich, 2002). Another example Prolog implementation that supports object oriented programming Ciao Prolog "O'Ciao is a set of libraries Which Allows object-oriented programming in Ciao Prolog. [...]" (source: Reference Manual - Object oriented programming ). Introduction natural deduction (D. Clemente tillage, natural deduction is a set of formal procedures "language of formal logic, whose aim is the demonstration of the correction n of certain reasoning, ie the validity of this reasoning, not his disability, however, "this document is also available PDF format ). web pages and sites : TechBooksForFree.com (Free Programming and Computer Science Books; via Ceklog ). Semantic Web Today.
• Premise.org (selection of links to the field of Artificial Intelligence). Learn Logic (this page deserved one of the second prizes in the contest of the 2003 edition
convened by the Ministry of Education and Science through the National Center Comunicació RESEARCH AND n Education -
• CNICE -). Information Retrieval on the Web (Blog dedicated to information retrieval on the Web, focusing not only on the technological aspects of it, news but also strong social impact. "). very good articles and comments written by FJ Martínez Méndez professor at the Faculty of Comunicacióny University
Documentation Murcia-with much rigor and readability while about all kinds of topics related to information retrieval techniques, with particular attention on the incidence of these in the web
• environments. View as an example one of the last comments Is "Relevance feedback" an information retrieval technique? .
• Glossary Web Information Retrieval (by Adriana Colino Tomé). Prolog interpreter in Javascript.

Digital Lab Digital Documentation Online Master

(Universitat Pompeu Fabra, also includes several utilities developed with of Google API, tools, map-editor DigiDocMap conceptual-DigiDocMenu-editor-down menu, and DigiDocIndex-indexer and generator of local search-).

• X-Prolog: a type-based system for XML processing in Prolog (
J. Coelho, M. Florido
• . Also these two authors, the paper
• Type-based XML Processing in Logic Programming
-in PDF
• - offers an exposition of the operation and application of X-Prolog code in the processing of XML . For its operation you need to install SWI-Prolog and loaded the module libreríao
SGML. General purpose, to comment that in Chapter 5 - Using Modules
• - the reference manual of SWI-Prolog, explains how to use external modules. In the case of SGML library predicates needed to process XML compiled when loading the file "sgml.pl" located in the "library" of the installation directory of SWI-Prolog-usual and default "Program Files \\ pl \\" -). Diseñorama ("[...] is a site of tutorials, articles and resources for web designers on standards, accessibility, usability and programming. ").
• Conferences, congresses:
• AIED 2005 - The 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (18-22 July 2005, Amsterdam).
• ECIR'05 - 27th European Conference on Information Retrieval (21-23 March 2005, Santiago de Compostela). 7 ISKO-Spain Congress
(6-8 July 2005, Barcelona).
• PADL 05 - Seventh International Symposium on Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages \u200b\u200b(January 10-11 2005, Long Beach, California). Comment finally that my intention is to publish hereafter, and maso least monthly intervals, successive lists of articles, reviews and other text and links that I seem more relevant, directly or indirectly to the matters discussed in general in this blog .

Free Brent Corrigan Clips

A general introduction to language Early

To those who seek a basic introduction (albeit very basic) Prolog language, I recommend reading the article or "white paper" of Gerardo Rossel "programming as GICA " " A tour of logic programming and one of its most representative languages: Prolog, artificial intelligence classic, which applies in many ways in the development of commercial software " [Source: intro of the article] The introduction of the article is defined very clearly and concisely the famous "equation" of Kowalski (which may recall I spent a rather lengthy comment, not as clear and concise - long ago, in the notation " About Kowalski formula). We read in its introduction: "[...] equation [...] Robert Kowalski provides the essential idea of \u200b\u200blogic programming: algorithm = logic + control. That is, an algorithm is constructed by specifying a formal language knowledge (first-order logic), and the problem is solved by an inference engine (control) acting on that. "Published in number 7

journal. code, the full text article can be located, PDF format

through

page Amzi!

, a company application development and expert systems based on the fundamentals of programming logic in synergy or in conjunction with other technologies and languages:
• "Amzi! specialize in products and services for Developing and deploying application components Integrated Knowledge That Apply logical s, such as pricing rules, configuration logic, Insurance Regulations, diagnostic and advisory Knowledge, grammar rules, message translation rules, and semantic relationships. [...]" [Source:
Amzi! Technology, Products and Services Overview
• ]
Especially renowned is its development environment
• Amzi! Prolog + Logic Server ("Embeddable, extendable Prolog for programmers to build high-performance rule-based systems.. ") Moreover, under" Articles & Links
"found in English, a number of introductions, tutorials, articles cles, and other references on the language Prolog and its many practical aspects, with special attention to its application in the development of expert systems.
• Finally, mention that, incredibly and undeservedly (and not false modesty), referenced in this publication space blog format from which I write, in "Related Links", which can be found at the end of the article by Gerardo Rossel. The publication of this brief review has nothing to do with that fact, actually I noticed it once I started writing more carefully and reread the text of article ...

Calories In Can Of Holsten Pils

Prolog computer programming: ASCII and Cobol

On Tuesday 22/06/2004, died in the U.S. Robert W.

Bemer, a pioneer in computer programming. Among his professional accomplishments have contributed count the instrumental in the establishment of the standard ASCII

[

1] [2 ] representation of information exchange, and development of the COBOL programming language

. On the occasion of his death, the daily El Pais

published in yesterday's edition 27/06/2004 A brief biographical note, translation of original text

published in The New York Times

, from which we extract the paragraphs that refer to Bemer work in the field of computer programming: Robert W.

Bemer, a pioneer in computer programming Robert W.

Bemer, an early computer programmers, who helped devise

ASCII, a system that remains in use to represent letters and numbers in [...] code started working with computers when doing engineering work on military aircraft for the Rand Corporation in California, in 1949. "There I met early IBM computers and fell in love with his technique. I knew I was done for the world of computers. This business was in its infancy, and programming was a job that hacíaa the measure, usually involved preparing machines for calculations made one at a time. Until 1958 there was published the first mention of the word as a term computer software. The software was not a separate activity, but simply something that had to pay to get the computers, which were then the size of a room, could make their work, "he wrote in a series of memories in your web page .

Bright, articulate and irreverent, Bemer seemed to fit exactly in the role during the early years programming crazy . Worked for aircraft manufacturers in California, until 1955, he joined the research department of IBM's programming in New York. There was no formal training for programmers, and for a time was Bemer recruiting manager.

Bemer played

an important role helping to develop a standard system for translating letters and numbers to a digital code that could be processed by a computer, known as American Standard Code for Information Interchange, or ASCII (acronym in English). Before

ASCII, computer manufacturers had their own systems for encoding letters and numbers, making it difficult or impossible to exchange data between machines from different computer manufacturers. A final fifties and early sixties, Bemer was one of the leading advocates and supporters of the standard, under the guidance of

American National Standards Institute (later adopted by the International Standards Organization). ASCII

was implemented in 1963, expanded and modified over the years [...]. Bemer firmly supported ASCII

, although the direction of IBM defended his own standard of coding. In 1962, Bemer left IBM to join the Sand's Sperry Univac division. In its way, the standard ASCII

was a precursor of standards for exchanging and reading data that enable communication through the Internet and web

world. the late fifties, Bemer played a role in another important computer standard, the Cobol programming language. The Defense Department wanted a common language Data management and accounting, and the result at the end of 1959 was Cobol, stands for Common Language Oriented Management. [...] As its name suggests, COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language ) was a programming language created in 1959-1960 , within CODASYL committee ( Conference on Data Systems Languages \u200b\u200b

)-sponsored since 1957 by the Department of Defense-US-for application in administrative tasks and accounting.

ease of reading, thanks to a syntax very close to the natural language expression in English, but is blamed for

COBOL language

be too rigid in its format of writing very long sentences, and not suitable for structured programming techniques ( Pascal and C, to name a few, are examples of languages \u200b\u200boriented structured programming ). Moreover, the high standardization adopted since the start of development, and the special attention of the proper language to express data structures [ 1] [2

], among other features, has allowed even today continue operating in the banking, commercial and business applications with 40 years standing, showing a remarkable solidity and stability, for once the problems that the so-called "year-2000

" (consisting on the problems of using two digits to store dates in older systems) involved in some cases, for operational and functioning properly. more about the language COBOL : [1 ] [ 2] [3 ] [ 4] [5 ] [ 6] [7

]

No Sew Fleece Scarf Tie

human consciousness and artificial intelligence

To break the long period of time without leaving anything written in these parts, and waiting, among other things, higher levels of inspiration, following are some articles and annotations I have called attention pleasantly recent weeks: Self Organizing Maps (for T. Germano, description of the application of artificial neural networks to display clasificacióny information.) Fuzzy Logic - Fuzzy Logic

(by Hector Garcia Kirai.Net

). A Prolog Introduction for Hackers (comment on Through the blogging-glass at

Prolog tutorial published in

kuro5hin.org ). How does a search engine? [ 1], [2 ], [3

] and [4

] (by Hector Garcia Kirai.Net ). timetabling problem (practical implementation of certain aspects of graph theory, A. Arranz Cuesta Ordonez and E. Guzman, Programming in Castilian ). Multi-Backpropagation Network: Concept and Modeling (Backpropagation network is one of the Well Known NN model. However, large network is too complex and Takes a long time to train in Generation5 ...";

).

George Boole (on Boolean logic

, digital or binary, by Hector Garcia Kirai.Net
• ).
• As can be seen, a special place of mention in this short list, it certainly takes Hector Garcia, and at this point it seems pertinent to comment that it is very commendable so that has to address the issues that is usually on his blog ( Kirai.Net ), apart from those of character and interest maso less strictly personal and private, to know: fundamentals of computing, artificial intelligence and its applications, programming in general ... It'll note his remarkable effort to make accessible and understandable, for "ordinary mortals, such matters. In another of his notes, "
The Turing Test and Intelligent Computer
• " addresses a topic which has traditionally raised, and should continue rising, much controversy and diverse opinions: basically, that which concerns how to define what might be called as true artificial intelligence , what are the defining characteristics, and an autonomous system, to see who is endowed with the properties and functions inherent to human intelligence (if it ever reached to know and understand all of these properties and functions, from a joint perspective) is those that express the nature and operation of cognitive processes, reasoning and learning that occur in the minds of human beings. In comments to this entry , we can read interesting opinions, and at this point I would make a reflection made by the English writer and critic David Lodge [1 ] [
2
• ] in the context of an interview published in the edition of the newspaper supplement Babelia The Country of May 1 ("In Defense of fiction, "basically deals with the importance of gender in the novel, fiction, as an instrument of representation of human consciousness, which varies according to different periods over time). Question the interviewer (Lourdes Gomez): "Do you think that consciousness is the software of the human mind?" and Lodge replied: "In the literary sense is good metaphor to describe consciousness. Another question is whether the human mind works like a computer. I think the computer is a type of brain rather limited. There are similarities in performance, but also important differences. Mainly in the connectivity of the human mind and the execution of simultaneous tasks. A computer can never replicate these characteristics despite what the experts assure us in artificial intelligence. Computers are much faster than the human brain, but I do not think intuitively be able to remove irrelevant elements of a function. We win at chess, but never in the decision-making requires an intuitive ability. " aside a reflection of both the Lodge, which in any case no longer an opinion, backed by the knowledge that if laid up in two years of study devoted to cognitive science, artificial intelligence and the phenomenon of consciousness, with an eye toward preparing your secret thoughts novel (Anagrama
• , 2002, ISBN: 84-339-69893-8) the author explains in the interview, and without wishing to enter into great depth in regard to this issue, it is clear that hardly may transfer the characteristics of human intelligence and their cognitive processes to autonomous artificial system, thereby creating artificial intelligence, if not clearly understand the full functioning of these processes, and it seems Unless the scientific disciplines that deal with these matters (in respect to physical and chemical processes, such as those on the transfer and information processing) are quite far from reaching an optimal state of knowledge and "global" about the apparent complexities over which it was initially thought to approach its study of the human mind.

Best Place To Get Waxed In Ottawa

Seminars

We echo on this occasion three citations in the field of conferences and meetings related to the programming

declarative / functional (in PDF ) and GICA, are to be held in the coming months: 1st European Lisp and Scheme Workshop

(Oslo, June 13, 2004)

"Lisp has a tradition of Fruitful Providing a basis for language design experiments for many decades. The structure of Lisp, including Common
Lisp and Scheme as its major dialects of today, makes it easy to extend
the language or even to implement entirely new dialects without starting
from scratch. Common Lisp, with the Common Lisp Object System (CLOS), was
the first object-oriented programming language to receive an ANSI standard
at the beginning of the 1990's. It is, arguably, the most complete and
advanced object system of any programming language, and has influenced
many other object-oriented programming languages that were to follow."
[ continúa ]

Colloquium
on Implementation of Constraint and LOgic Programming Systems

(CICLOPS 2004)


"This workshop aims at discussing and exchanging experience
on the design, implementation, and optimization of logic, constraint (logic)
programming systems, and systems intimately related to logic as a means
to express computations. Experience backed up by real implementations and
their evaluation will be given preference, as well as descriptions of work
in progress in that direction."

[

continúa ]

The 14th
workshop on logic programming environments

(WLPE' 04)


"The aim of the workshop is to provide an informal meeting
for Researchers working on the tools for the Development and analysis of logic programs. This year we want to Emphasize two Aspects: on one hand we want to discuss the presentation, pragmatics and Experience of Such tools, on the Other One, we want to extend the concept of "logic programming" Environments to tools based Developer for Any Language on computational logic (constraints, integration of Paradigms, specification languages, ...)." [ continues ] From the first date (to be held we learned via Bill Clementson's Blog , "Bits and pieces

(mostly Lisp-related) That I collect from the ether

") are available in PDF format

, the papers (communications, presentations) received so far. As for the

workshops (workshops, seminars)

CICLOPS 2004 and WLPE '04 , said to be held under the 20th International Conference on Logic Programming

(ICLP'04, 6-10 September 2004, Saint-Malo, France) organized by the Association for Logic Programming

(ALP).

Manuel Carro and José Manuel Gomez-Perez, two of the organizers and coordinators of the workshops framed in ICLP'04

to just refer to, are members of the CLIP Lab

( The Computational Logic, Languages, Implementation,

and Parallelism Lab), Faculty of Computer Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid, whose area of \u200b\u200bactivity focuses on general Logic Programming and Constraint Logic Programming

( Constraint Logic Programming, CLP) in particular. In this context activity, members of the CLIP Lab

have developed the Ciao Prolog

: "[...]

logic programming environment and restrictions [...] is one of the systems developed

by the CLIP group. [...] [...] is free software and is currently being used in business applications both in the academic environment [...]. Among the advantages offered by Ciao Prolog highlights its extensibility, which have developed many libraries that add significant functionality to the system, such as constraint solvers, concurrency, distributed programming primitives and intelligent agents, persistence, higher order, objects, interfaces to other programming languages, etc.. As examples we can point the library PILLOW , possibly the most used for interconnection between logic programming systems (and restrictions) and the WWW

and LPdoc

a automatic documentation generator for logic programming systems and restrictions, both distributed as software Free. " [ source] Most technical reports (Technical Reports ) produced by members of the CLIP Lab are available for consultation by them sorted interest area and production per year (formats PDF documents are and PS). Unless you are looking for a specific text, from which it becomes aware in advance on which case is more direct and quick search by year the most practical and productive is done through the management and research topic . More information on conferences and seminars co-organized by the laboratory

the relevant page.

How To I Prevent New Shoes From Creasing?

Declarative Logic Programming and Prolog + Schelog

Schelog is an implementation developed by D. Sitaram it possible to combine pieces of code written in a programming style similar to Prolog (including the main features of this language such as backtracking or reverse, the unification, the court, denial, meta-logical predicates , etc.). Scheme expressions in pure or conventional (Scheme is a language derived from Lisp

- see previous entry in which we referred to the latter) within the same application: Schelog is an embedding of Prolog-style logic programming in Scheme. "Embedding''Means You Do not Lose Scheme: You use Prolog-style dog and Conventional Scheme code fragments Alongside Each Other. Schelog contains the full repertoire of Prolog features, Including meta-logical and second-order ("set'') predicates, only Those Leaving out features more That Could Easily Be Done Efficiently and more with Scheme subexpressions.

In Programming in Schelog

Schelog syntax is the characteristic of Lisp / Scheme (basically consists of nested lists and indented, without commas, as indicated by parentheses, preemption of operation sign arguments, strings in quotation marks, etc..). As an example, below the portion of code needed to compute, recursively, the factorial of a number, in Prolog in the first place, and in Schelog second (recall that factorial of a natural number n is the product of all natural numbers from 1 to n ): factor (0.1): -!. factorial (X, Y): - X1 is X-1, factorial(X1,Y1),
                 Y is X*Y1.

(define %factorial
  (%rel (x y x1 y1)
    [(0 1) !]
    [(x y) (< x 0) ! %fail]
    [(x y) (%is x1 (- x 1))
           (% Factorial x1 y1) (% is and (* y1 x ))])) Schelog can be considered as a combination between styles of programming paradigms represented by one hand Prolog (logic programming

) and

dialect of Lisp

other Scheme ( declarative programming functional). "Programming in Schelog " is an introduction in which the said D. Sitaram addresses the syntax and programming through the implementation that we are commenting. On the other hand, this same author, " Teach Yourself Scheme in Fixnum Days " is a quick guide and introduction to the language Scheme. Finally, we recommend reading a general introduction, referring to the origins of language Scheme: Scheme : small is beautiful - A programming language ideal for teaching dence ( Carlos Coello ). This article was subsequently published (PS

format compressed in a. Zip) by the author, with the same title and more extensióny deep in the journal Advanced Solutions

( numbers 39 and 43, now this publication appears to be unavailable online, although Internet Archive can find multiple copies ). This new extended version of "Scheme: small is beautiful ..." adds to the explanation of the historical and language development Scheme, an introduction, with examples, the essential features and syntax for use, major updates and extensions as well as a final consideration about its utility RESEARCH AND teaching in the field of programming languages \u200b\u200b("Scheme as a teaching tool.")

Manhattan Model : 460668

Scheme = Lisp and Java-article-

Not everything will be in the field Prolog declarative programming ... Through Lemonodor , weblog dedicated to language Lisp ( LISt Processing) and its associated technologies (but also address many issues related to robotics), we

 article 

Lisp and Java (D. Milstein) : "First-class functions Are a Powerful feature of the Lisp programming language. This article describe Some Ways They Can Be Used, and explore how to Approximate Them in Java." Lisp language [1 ] [ 2] [3 ] [ 4] [5 ], developed initially in the late 50's of last century by John McCarthy (see his essay about

History of Lisp), is undoubtedly a most known and used in the programming paradigm declarative / functional , and basis for the development of languages \u200b\u200band dialects other similar, more advanced features and modern, or just targeted to other areas of application (this is the case, for example, language Logo) . Lisp is a language widely used and extended in the Anglo world, specifically United States, especially through the implementation commom Lisp, and has traditionally been used both in academia and in business, to set process-driven applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI )-of Indeed one can say that was created and developed for this purpose, and is considered by both the "first language IA" - and natural language processing (NLP ), although today it is possible even find, for instance multiple applications, servers

developed web

using this programming language.

more about the Lisp language:

Practical Common Lisp (Peter Seibel). On Lisp (P. Graham). LISP

First

(C. Allen, M. Dhagat; another location).

CLiki, the common lisp wiki . A Concise Introduction to LISP (David L. Matuszek). Common Lisp: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation (David S. Touretzky).


Common
Lisp the Language, 2nd Edition ( otra
ubicación ).


Lisp
FAQ .


Early
LISP History (1956-1959) / The
Influence of the Designer on the Design - J. McCarthy and LISP (H.
Stoyan).


Lisp
Lectures (N. Levine).

LISP
Tutorial

(M. Schwarz).

• Successful Lisp:
  How to Understand and Use Common Lisp (David B. Lamkins).
• The Common Lisp Cookbook.
• How to Use Scheme. Writing Scripts and Programs with PLT Scheme (M. Felleisen et al.).
• Teach Yourself Scheme in Fixnum Days ( D. Sitaram
).
• To illustrate the examples, the author of Java and Lisp
• used a dialect of Lisp, called Scheme [
• 1] [2 ]. The article is published in
ONJava.com
• (whose main entrance We have taken the brief synopsis in English), great source of reference in which to find good articles and other references to the Java language and its many applications. Moreover, ONJava.com is an electronic publication subsumed under the corporate project
O'Reilly. Com
• Tim O'Reilly, dedicated to publishing books, imparting conferences and courses, and web site creation (
• Resource Centers) and on-line publications (
• Online Publications : XML.com, Perl.com
• , etc.) On computer technology and programming languages \u200b\u200b( Perl, Python
• , C / C + + , XML
• , . NET , etc.), with a clear focus on those technologies related to the development of web applications under
• environments.

Nadine Jansen Terhes Videó

About

Following the style of which until recently was the design of my blog

sister, little more than a month is changed ProLog appearance IR, although for different reasons-the same as during this time have maintained "silence" this area of \u200b\u200bpublication, so far has not made an explicit reference to this circumstance. Basically the redesign work has been to remove the tables as system layout, and make the latter entirely to CSS . The advantage of having the page structured in this way, regardless of maso least meet the standards existing the fact is that they are completely separate blocks of content from presentation itself, and thus more easily introduce future changes in style and appearance. In fact the style that you can see at this time intend to be provisional, since among other issues, and in its present configuration, may have some display problems in Internet Explorer (not!), Follow n is the screen resolution used.

Also I have in mind a future change hosting and publishing system (" WordPress ?) In the short term, if time and the desire to allow ... In any case, the important thing, and what it is, issues of style aside, is to offer interesting content, and in this sense I hope, "put the batteries" hereinafter, and that I've expanded over intervals publication, combines Although statistics show me that, rather than regular and loyal users, the profile of visitors to this site corresponds to accessing people, a significantly majority to through search engines (Google in particular, how could it be otherwise, at least today) and metasearch, and search the corresponding equations-some very interesting and surprising, indeed, whose analysis allows the time to establish if there is an appropriate match between the topics commonly addressed and searches equivalent to those issues by users. Well, now time to clarify the meaning and significance of the event which currently shares the spotlight with the top of the page: "Algorithm = Logic + Control." This "equation" very general, has made a fortune when explicit, graphic and condensed form, the principles and rationale implicit in the logic programming paradigm (associated with this scheme, so particular, logic programming with constraints), and in general in the analysis software, and it is not the title of an article in which author Robert Kowalski explains his notion of declarative programming in general and logical in particular, early development for the years when it was published. The full review of this paper is as follows: Kowalski, R. (1979), "Algorithm = logic + control, Communications of the ACM, 22 (7), pp. 424-436. [complete reference ] The full text PDF format is available in digital library of ACM , although access is limited to paying subscribers . It is freely accessible the record, the summary and the bibliography accompanying the text. The article was later republished in the work Programming Languages: A Grand Tour (3 rd edition, E. Horwitz ed., Computer Science Press: Maryland, 1986, pp. 480-492).

making this speech, which comes to symbolize, in the form of "equation", the paradigm of logic programming, Kowalski stated that in any computer program can distinguish two aspects essential constituent, what we want that the program (or logical part of the program, which

) and how the program should address this objective (the

how , the control). In this sense, the paradigm of logic programming, and in general the paradigm of declarative programming (which includes on one hand, functional programming - Haskell, Lisp , etc .- and other logic programming), clearly focuses on facilitating

what we want to do the program-its target of pre-, which

how you must do to achieve it, which does not exclude the existence of powerful control structures such as those which are represented in Prolog, by the mechanisms of instantiation of variables, and check

unification of structures, recursion

and backtracking

or reverse, to name the most important.

Chapter "Pandora's Box A = L + C and its variants", page 84 and following the notes of BC Ruiz Jiménez,

Course Notes for Advanced Declarative Programming (University of Málaga

, PDF format document

) provides a good EXPLANATION n the meaning and implications of the formula Kowalski. Indeed, in this paper can find a very clear articulation of synergy and symbiosis between certain projects provide programming paradigm represented in part by the language Prolog, and a number of approaches (functional, oriented objects etc.), as we mentioned in the previous annotation (" =" Logic Programming Prolog? ") concerning a notice published in Lambda the Ultimate . See paragraphs about "Logic Programming" and "Integrating logic and functional paradigms." Returning to the explanation of the equation Kowalski, interrupted by the reference in paragraph above, we can say that in Prolog, and given the characteristics of this programming language, the user is primarily concerned to implement the "logic" of programs (consisting mainly of the knowledge base, inference rules, and queries), as control mechanisms cited ; we were before, those who determine how solve specific objective program, implemented through a series of algorithms and mechanisms that work in-house, whose characteristics depend on the interpreter used last ( remember that Prolog is an interpreted language, if While some implementations allow certain instructions to pre-compile). arises at this point, associating with

control logic , the idea of \u200b\u200bconstraint programming and Constraint Programming to provide more controlled evaluation of control mechanisms, the scheme logic programming and thus to fully satisfying the maximum Kowalski, thus giving rise to the Constraint Logic Programming and Constraint Logic Programming (CLP). Some documents on constraint programming in general: Constraint Programming (M. Wallace, also in PS format, see especially section 2.1.1 . Algorithm = Logic + Control ). Constraint Programming (lecture notes of Professor Jia-Huai You ).

On-line guide to Constraint Programming

(R. Bartak, also the author of Guide to Prolog Programming ). on Constraint Logic Programming in particular see for example the following texts: An Introductory Course on Constraint Logic Programming (M. Carro et al. ).

Constraint Logic Programming - An Informal Introduction

(T. Frühwirth et al. ; format

PS). Constraint Logic Programming: A Survey (J. Jaffar, MJ Mayer, PS format).

Constraint Logic Programming

(D. Pountain in
• Byte.com ). Assessment of Some Issues in Computational Logic Theory and Program Development On a Pandora box or street "Algorithm = Logic + Control ' (; in PDF format ; also PS
format).
• The Constraint Logic Programming (P. Fernández Montes).
• Logic Programming and Concurrent Constraint Programming (CJ Gálvez et al. ; formato PDF
).

La
Programmation Logique et par Contraintes

(L. Jean-Michel en
• Lambda
  Systems ).
  
  
  Algunas opiniones e interpretaciones al respecto de la "fórmula"
  que venimos comentando:



• 
  "The basic property of a declarative programming language is
  that a program is a theory in some suitable logic. This property immediately
  gives a precise meaning to programs written in the language. From a programmers
  point of the basic property is that programming is lifted to a higher level
  of abstraction. At this higher level of abstraction the programmer can
  concentrate stating on What Is To Be computed , Not Necessarily how it is to Be computed. In Kowalski's Terms WHERE algorithm = logic + control, the programmer Gives the logic But Not Necessarily the control. " Olof Torgersson
in
• A Note on Declarative Programming Paradigms and the Future of Definitional Programming (text in HTML
is a shortened version of the original PS
• format)
• "The formula isn't required, and it Will not Be Until someone Proposes specifying a precise and Generally Accepted notion of how control is to Be added to an expression of the logic of a program. Nevertheless, the idea is attractive, and I believe it Can Be Made to work for Some interesting class of programs. It is analogous to my comparison of epistemology and heuristics or Chomsky's competence and performance. " John McCarthy in Coloring Maps and the Kowalski Doctrine
• In any case it offers a fairly detailed explanation of the expression n "Algorithm = Logic + Control" and its meaning in relation to logic programming, in another text of the Kowalski, Logic Problem Solving for (North-Holland Elsevier, 1979), specifically in Chapter 5,
• The Procedural Interpretation of Horn Clauses (PDF format , page 125 and following, although in fact the chapter ; whole chapter deals with this issue.) The chapters in this book, very affordable level, and full text are available in PDF in
personal page R.
• Kowalski, which is also a selection of his latest literature and the preliminary draft chapters of the new book he is preparing How to be Artificially Intelligent - the Logical Way , which addresses the fundamental principles of computer logic, and implementation problems of everyday life. Kowalski will end by emphasizing that, along with Alain
Colmerauer

, one of the key figures in the development creacióny logic programming in general and Prolog in particular. Colmerauer, which since the late 60's of last century had been working on the processing and natural language processing through the application of computational logic, makes contact with Kowalski in 1971 to hear their work in relation to the Show No automatic theorem (theorem proving

) and the resolution method

SL (SL-resolution ), and fruit of this collaboration produced the first effective development of programming language No logic Prolog. Throughout this process, along with other notes autobiographical, is explained briefly in the same Kowalski in the text

A Short Story of My Life and Work .

Cool Facebook Profile Image

Kowalski formula = "Logic Programming Prolog?

The reference the tutorial "The Logic Programming Paradigm and Prolog " of

North Face Austin Tx Outlet

"Spam" as a metaphor of a living organism

Interesting article on the Generation5 "

Application of Biological Metaphors for Identifying and Killing Spam

" (S. Evans). Is the topic? creation of an anti-spam filter

using techniques

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN, Artificial Neural Networks

). As introduccióny theoretical argument, the author makes an interesting analogy, the phenomenon of spam as a living ( Spam as a Living Organism), in constant evolution and adaptation " medium "(in this case the email and streaming media formats and through Internet), governed by its own laws of" natural fit. " Complete with C # source code, this article looks at how to Identify a Variety of spam using biological metaphors Such as neural networks. [ source] The article includes the source code of the filter, downloadable in a zip file, and developed in C #

language. Like all RNA , this code requires previous training to operate correctly, as explained in the text ( Training the Networks) . In the results section, we are informed that, in tests, has obtained a ruling just over 1000 emails analyzed. On another issues, not very far in any case, and in Generation5 , se
publico hace ya varias semanas otro artículo que me gustaría
destacar: " Intelligence
- Artificial and Otherwise " (Bruce L. Toy):


This paper presents a model of artificial intelligence, based
on an XML
memory structure, a logic architecture of divisible processor functions,
and real-time sensor integration.  It incorporates learning, consciousness,
creativity, and growth in a framework that can be used to understand human
behavior, build an independent intelligent entity, or integrate a large-scale
computer network into an intelligent system.

[

fuente ] Using XML to implement the memory structure of the working model based on IA

techniques, described in the text, is derived from the intention to give this model capacity to support web

features. Since the abstract of the article just quoted is sufficiently clear and expressive, I do not think we should add anything else about it except to recommend its reading.

Klucz Seryjny Do Mount&blade 1011 Pl

An Introduction to Prolog "for" Hackers "...?

Through pjorge , I find the recent publication of A Prolog Introduction for Hackers . In passing reference has helped me to know Kuro5hin.org " ... Collaborative site about technology and culture, Both separately and in Their Interactions. (

source).

Despite what the title might imply, "A Prolog Introduction

..." is simply an introduction to this language, very general, so that I can not understand that depict the "hackers" in the subject ... certainly, as I pointed Ander Donosti.org something this must have been as incomprehensible to mention ... General and brief, I repeat, although the exposure time sufficiently clear and complete, this little tutorial is however quite suitable for those who just know some (or all) of the Prolog language and are interested in acquiring basic. Perhaps it is missing a reference longest essential procedures such as cutting, denial, recursive techniques and battery parameters, using dynamic predicates, etc.

are also highly recommended reading the many comments raised about this little tutorial (over 100 at the time of writing), with emphasis, in my view, which is entitled "Benefits of the Prolog mindset ... ", but anyway, should not miss any, many of them are simple criticism Maso less informed, about the methods rites or demerits of the language Prolog, while in other cases these contributions additional, very pertinent questions about little or nothing covered in the tutorial that we are commenting, or simply report interesting resources related to that language. In turn, in comments

to pjorge annotation, JJ gives a somewhat surprising, and in my opinion biased and wrong, about the Prolog language, which in any case is answered by great success by Akuma ...

Lambda the Ultimate In

also refer to the tutorial

" A Prolog Introduction ... " and also, in the comments section can read some interesting opinions. Noted that Peter Van Roy

, the comments, make corrections to obvious errors contained in the text of the introduction we have been discussing. We ended

outlining several tutorials, notes and introductions to Prolog. In some cases these are electronic versions of monographs dedicated to this programming language. The order of the words is random, does not imply any level of importance or anything: In Castilian

Mathematical Logic Introduction - Mathematical Logic and Applications (SV Chapa Vergara). Introduction to Prolog (J. Suarez Sanz).

Logic Programming ( V. Iniestra ). Knowledge representation in intelligent systems (G. Fernandez).

Knowledge Representation (E. Morales, LE Sucar).

Prolog Tutorial (partial translation of the manual DECSYSTEM-10 Prolog system). Prolog Tutorials Programming

in Castilian

(A. Fernández Pineda). Style Guide Prolog programming (PR Borges). Introduction to Prolog. Logic Programming Prolog (by Wintermute). Prolog

(M. Salas Zúñiga, E. Uraga Serratos).

• Introduction to Prolog (JR Portillo).
In English
• A Concise Introduction to Prolog
(D. Matuszek;
• another location).
Adventure in Prolog (in
• Amzi.com ).
• Building Expert Systems in Prolog (D. Merritt;
idem ).
• 
  
  
  An
  Introduction to Prolog
(L. Michel, V. Nicolas).
• 
  
  
  An
  Introduction to SICStus Prolog (R. Dearden).
  
  


• Basics
  of Prolog (A. Cawsey).
  
  


• C-Prolog
  User's Manual (F. Pereira et al.
).
• 
  
  
  Databases
  and Artificial Intelligence
(A. Cawsey).
• 
  
  
  GNU-Prolog
  Manual
(
• D. Diaz ).
  
  

Guide to
Prolog Programming

(R. Barták).

• Haskell
  and Prolog Datatypes - Haskell/Prolog
  Differences .
  
  


• Prolog
  Introduction ( L.
  Allison ).
  
  


• Introduction
  to Prolog for Mathematicians (J. Paine; otra
  ubicación ).
  
  


• Introduction
  to Prolog ( J. Hodgson
).
• 
  
  
  iProlog
  Programmer's Manual
(
• C.
  Sammut ; otra
  ubicación
).
• 
  
  
  Introductory
  Course on Constraint Logic Programming (M. Carro et al.
).
• Declarative Programming: The Prolog Language
(
• W. Kreutzer ). Learn Prolog Now!
(
• P. Blackburn et al. ). Learning Prolog
• (N. Ford).
An Introduction to Prolog (AC Brett).
• Logic Programming Course (
another location).
• Articles and introductions on Prolog in Generation5
.
• More Prolog (DR Tveter).
• Programming in Schelog-embedding of Prolog-style logic programming in Scheme (D. Sitaram). Programming in Tabled Prolog (David S. Warren).
• Prolog Basics: A Guide For Beginners (T. Drapkin). Introduction to Prolog
(D. Nichols).
• Prolog for Software Engineering (Peter B. Reintjes).
• Prolog Tutorial (A. Aaby). Prolog and Logic Programming
(Hancox PJ;
• otra ubicación).
• Prolog Tutorials (J. Power).
• Prolog Tutorials ( A. Monaghan).
• Visual Prolog Online Tutorials . Prolog Tutorial
(
• JR Fisher ).
• Prolog Programming A First Course (P. Brno).
• Quick Prologue (DS Robertson).


• SICStus
  Prolog User's Manual .
  
  


• Solving
  combinatoric problems with Prolog .
  
  


• The
  Prolog Dictionary (B. Wilson).
  
  


• Trinc-Prolog
  Help Index .
  
  


• Prolog (en
  Wikipedia ).
  
  


• Using
  SWI-Prolog (S. Harlow).
  
  


• SWI-Prolog
  Reference Manual .
  
  
  Online
  Teaching Material - Prolog
(P. W. Goldberg).
• 
  
  
  Monografías



• 
  
  An Introduction
  to Logic Programming through Prolog (J. M. Spivey).
  
  


• Artificial
  Intelligence through Prolog (Neil C. Rowe).
  
  


• Natural
  Language Processing in Prolog (G. Gazdar, C. Mellish; otra
  ubicación
).
• 
  
  
  Artificial
  Intelligence Through Search
(C. Thorton, B. du Boulay).
• 
  
  
  Logic
  for Computer Science: Foundations of Automatic Theorem Proving
(J.
Gallier).
• 
  
  
  Logic, Programming
  and Prolog
(U. Nilsson, J. Maluszynski).
• 
  
  
  Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis

(F. C. N. Pereira, S. M. Shieber).
• 
  
  
  Prolog Parsers.
  Parsing techniques in Prolog (Klaus von Bremen).
  
  


• Clause
  and Effect: Prolog programming for the Working Programmer (W. F. Clocksin;
  en PDF
;
también en
• PS
).
• 
  
  
  Logic
  for Problem Solving
(R. Kowalski).

En otros idiomas

• 
  
  La
  Programmation Logique et le langage Prolog
(P. Nugues).
• 
  
  
  Introduction
  à Prolog
(C. Solnon).
• 
  
  
  Manuale
  Prolog (G. Adorni et al.
).
• 
  
  
  Méta
  Interpréteurs en Prolog
(
• L.
  Jean-Michel ).
  
  


• Tutorial
  de Prolog (Claudio Cesar de Sá).
  
  


• Zur
  Entstehung der Programmiersprache Prolog ( D.
  Schmitt
).
• 
  
  
  Introdução
  à Prolog Programação
(Luiz AM Palazzo).
• This is by no means a complete list of everything you can find on the internet about this language. In English, and also in Castilian, are enough notes and lecture notes for college courses, usually quality and depth of analysis far superior to that found in the introductions and tutorials that just mention, while we let your reference later.

Closed Tank Purged Tip Over

A new "blog" and faceted classifications regarding

Through the "Referrer" (referrals) of statistics, I find the existence of

Sense of Wonder,

weblog written in English by David Cherry, the truth is that looks great in both presentation and content, that ultimately becomes important. Fundamental problems of the theory of computation, programming languages, knowledge representation ... are, broadly speaking, some of the topics covered so far, supplemented by promising data such as found in the right column under "Worth reading documents, selection of relevant documents on various subjects.

By the way, and since we mentioned the statistical system, is very curious and expressive, very "semantic", the identification Nedstat makes

of the sections that divides the information provided, namely: "Here and Now," "When" "Where," "How," "With what "... Certainly it is a form of classification
• of
faceted organization of information reminiscent of the five major facets or fundamental
• colonnade Classification ("Colon Classification") of Ranghanatan
: Personality
• , Matter, Energy
,
• Space and Time . These allow you to group the information in "semantic fields", determined by a number of similarities and common characteristics. Ranganathan
considered the world as a set of entities
• variables, decomposable into the views or
facets, which are the standard terms, used to classify subjects enumerated above:
• Personality: The first qualifying order, the primary focus of each subject and therefore the most active order. Matter: aspects, properties, qualities, material elements.
• Power: actions, procedures, techniques. Space: place where something happened.

Time: all reality is viewed from a location in time.

faceted systems are based in the analysis and decomposition of the materials into their component parts, and the union of these parts according to the document being rendered. Therefore involve a process of analysis and synthesis, which takes into account the individuality of each document and allows a high degree of autonomy in making decisions when classified. We

the following advantages of faceted classification:

Divisions facets are original means to channel the materials and knowledge. Allow explain concepts more accurately than enumerative systems (those listed, listed, listing all the materials with linear nature, dividing the subjects into classes of different hierarchical levels, falling in specificity), from a number of smaller items. The facets have high combining ability, based on few initial elements. faceted systems lend themselves well to automation, since a subject can be located from each facet with which is was described, affecting in this way in certain aspects of the postcoordinación (post-coordinate indexing languages \u200b\u200bin terms of description are used freely without priori relationship between them, establishing this relationship at the time of recovery of the document).

have a great capacity to integrate new concepts. You can make changes at a facet of a given area without affecting the others. However : faceted systems have a structure for each particular subject, with defined hierarchical levels less than the equivalent in nature enumerative classifications. resulting notations are often complicated and difficult to memorize, to be adapted specifically to each particular document. descriptions responsibility always rests on the competence of the classification, while the enumerative systems it has settled on the boards. In any case, the faceted classification system developed by Ranganathan, was an important theoretical advance of decisive influence on subsequent classification systems and combinatorial nature of modern thesauri.